
White wine vinegar is a wine vinegar made by the acetous fermentation of white wine, yielding a dilute solution of acetic acid.
A mild vinous aroma opens over a sharp acetic sourness; the body is thin and the finish clean, less aggressive than a neutral distilled vinegar.
A souring accent added in small measure to sharpen and balance, and to acidify dressings and brines where a defined acid level matters. Its acidity, not any alcohol content, is the governing spec, so a substitute must match that acidity when it is the defining acid of a recipe.
Another mild wine-based vinegar substitutes cleanly, preserving both the sharp acetic acidity and the wine-derived aroma; a stronger, neutral vinegar can stand in for the acidity alone if diluted with water, but it will not reproduce the vinous note.
White (distilled/spirit) vinegar
White wine vinegar is made by acetifying white wine and keeps a mild, winey aroma; white or distilled vinegar comes from fermented grain or spirit alcohol (or diluted acetic acid), is colourless, and tastes sharp, neutral and higher in acidity.
A product of double fermentation: yeast first converts the sugars in the base to ethanol, then acetic acid bacteria oxidise that ethanol to acetic acid. The finished liquid is pale and typically carries roughly 5–7% acetic acid, retaining a faint winey character from its base.