
Coriander leaves are the fresh leaves of Coriandrum sativum, an annual herb of the parsley family, used raw as a culinary herb.
Bright, penetrating aroma driven largely by aldehydes, over a fresh, faintly grassy leaf with a mild bitter edge.
A delicate aromatic leaf added raw and late, as a garnish, muddled accent, or infusion, since heat diminishes its flavour; a small amount carries the aroma without adding sweetness or acidity.
Only very close aroma analogues such as culantro or Vietnamese coriander approach its signature leaf scent, and even those differ in intensity; an unrelated green leaf like mint can stand in for colour alone but not for the aroma, and dried coriander seed is not a substitute.
Coriander seed (dried spice)
Both come from Coriandrum sativum, but the fresh leaf carries a bright, herbal, aldehyde-driven aroma used raw, whereas the dried seed is a warm, citrusy, terpene-driven spice used in cooked blends; they are not interchangeable.
Culantro and Vietnamese coriander
Culantro is a different Apiaceae species with a similar but more intense flavour, and Vietnamese coriander belongs to the buckwheat family yet shares the odour; neither is Coriandrum sativum, though both approach its aroma profile.
The soft green leaves are picked from Coriandrum sativum, an annual plant of the Apiaceae family; in North American usage the fresh leaf is called cilantro while the dried fruit of the same plant is called coriander, and the two are distinct culinary products with different flavours.
The leaves spoil quickly; keep refrigerated and use fresh, as they wilt and lose aroma fast.