
Grapefruit zest is the colored outer layer of grapefruit peel, taken above the bitter white pith.
Oil sprayed above the drink. What distinguishes grapefruit peel from the sweeter citrus is not bitterness — the bitter compounds sit in the pith and the flesh, not in the oil — but nootkatone, a sesquiterpene the nose picks up at very low concentrations. Any citrus peel does the technique; which fruit decides the character of that first impression.
A twist cut with the pith
If the white layer comes with it, the strip carries naringin into the drink — the bitterness that lives in the albedo rather than the peel oil. For most drinks that is a flaw; in a bitter aperitivo build some bartenders do it deliberately.
Grapefruit juice
Acid, sugar and volume, with none of the concentrated peel oil; the two are not alternatives — many drinks want both, and the juice cannot do the aroma.
Zest to order. A strip cut in advance has lost most of what it was cut for by the time it reaches the glass. Whole grapefruit keeps six to eight weeks at 12–14 °C, but it takes chilling injury below about 8 °C — a domestic fridge pits the rind, so the fruit belongs in a cool room rather than the cold shelf.