
Aguardiente ('firewater') is a broad name for strong distilled spirits across the Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking world — not one product, but a family made from cane, wine, grape pomace or fruit.
It depends entirely on the style: the Colombian cane version is all sweet anise and liquorice — the ouzo and sambuca family — while a grape-pomace spirit is sharp and fiery.
The style does the work, so pick it to fit the drink. Colombian guaro is drunk neat and well-chilled in shots, and its anise stands up nicely in an Aguardiente Sour with lime and sugar. The gentle anise styles are built or stirred; the high-proof pomace spirits go in small measures.
There's no single swap — first decide the style. An anise cane spirit, a neutral cane spirit, a grape brandy or a pomace spirit each has its own defining aroma, which can't be faked from another base. Once matched, you can adjust strength with a similar spirit.
Cachaça is specifically Brazilian, distilled from fresh sugarcane juice (usually 38–48%). Aguardiente is a broader term, and the Colombian version is anise-flavoured and much weaker.
Orujo (grape pomace brandy)
Orujo is a grape-pomace spirit from northern Spain, over 50% ABV. Its full name is 'aguardiente de orujo', so it's one style within the aguardiente family, not another word for the whole thing.
The base depends on the region. In Latin America it's usually cane; the famous Colombian style — known as guaro — is an anise-flavoured cane spirit at a gentle 24–29% ABV. In Spain and Portugal the word more often means a wine or grape-pomace spirit, the pomace kind clear and often over 50%.
The word comes from Spain and Portugal (agua ardiente, 'burning water') and spread across their former colonies. In the Americas, cane versions took hold where sugarcane was plentiful, and it's now a cultural staple in Colombia and the Andes.