
Filter coffee is a brewed non-alcoholic beverage made by passing hot water through ground roasted coffee held in a filter under gravity alone.
Pronounced roasted-coffee aroma over a medium acidity and medium bitterness, with a light, clean body and little residual sweetness.
Poured in quantity, it serves as the bulk liquid of long and iced coffee drinks, contributing roasted-coffee flavour, deep colour and brightness; as a smaller flavour accent it carries aroma into a build. It brings no sweetness, so sugar or syrup is added separately.
Another coffee preparation that preserves the roasted-coffee aroma and comparable brewed strength — espresso lengthened with water, which adds oils and heavier body, or cold brew, which is smoother and less acidic but usually more concentrated; a non-coffee ingredient cannot stand in.
Espresso
Espresso is extracted under high pressure through finely ground coffee, producing a small, concentrated shot with crema and heavier body; filter coffee is gravity-percolated at atmospheric pressure into a larger, more dilute cup.
Cold brew steeps grounds in cold or room-temperature water for many hours, giving lower acidity and a smoother profile; filter coffee uses hot water and brews in minutes, with brighter acidity and different aromatics.
It is produced by gravity percolation: hot water near boiling flows through a bed of ground roasted coffee held in a paper, metal or cloth filter at atmospheric pressure, with no applied pressure. The filter retains the spent grounds and, with paper, much of the oils and fine sediment, yielding a comparatively clear, low-sediment brew — distinct from cold-brew methods that steep in cold water and from espresso, which forces water through under high pressure.
Best used freshly brewed; held hot it oxidises and turns stale and bitter, shifting the balance it contributes.