
Chilled water is plain still water served cold, used to dilute a drink and not to flavor it.
Any still water does this, chilled or not — or leave it out and stir several seconds longer, letting the ice melt the same amount into the glass. Nothing substitutes: the whole point is that it adds no flavor, and anything you add removes that point.
Soda water
Carbonated, and the dissolved gas makes it faintly acidic; the bubbles change the texture of the drink as well as its chemistry.
Melting ice
Ice dilutes on its own schedule, and the figure depends on the cube, the stir and the room; that is the difference: one is a variable, the other is a measurement.
Keep the bottle in the fridge rather than a jug on the bar. Room-temperature water works against you, warming the drink at the same time as it dilutes it.

Sazerac
Rye whiskey, Bourbon, Brandy

Old Fashioned – IBA
Bourbon

Absinthe
Absinthe

Caipirinha (low-calorie)
Cachaça

Derby
London dry gin

Mint Julep – IBA
Bourbon

Absinthe Frappé
Absinthe

Limeade
Non alcoholic

Rum Punch
White rum

Cardamom Daiquiri
White rum

Gin Punch
London dry gin

Gold Cocktail
Blended Scotch whisky

Golden Retriever
Light gold rum

Planter’s Punch
Jamaican aged rum

Turf Club (1939 recipe)
Old Tom gin, London dry gin

Mexican Nail
Tequila reposado

Mizuwari
Blended Scotch whisky

Canchánchara – IBA
Aguardiente