
Lemon juice is the liquid expressed from the lemon (Citrus × limon), a high-acid citrus juice used primarily as a souring agent.
Sharply sour and clean, with a bright fresh-lemon aroma and very little sweetness to soften the acidity.
Souring and balancing is its core role, cutting sweetness and lifting spirit; it is squeezed fresh and shaken with the build so it aerates and integrates, dosed against the sweetener to set the drink's acid balance.
Lime juice is the closest structural stand-in, matching the high citric acidity that balances sweetness and spirit, though it brings a greener, more bitter character and cannot reproduce the specific fresh-lemon aroma; a citric acid solution can restore acidity alone but not the aroma or body.
Lemon juice comes from the yellow lemon (Citrus × limon) and is dominated by citric acid with a clean sour profile; lime juice comes from a green lime, is comparably or slightly more acidic, and carries a more bitter edge. Their aromas differ, so they are not interchangeable when citrus character defines the drink.
Lemon juice contains roughly 5–6% citric acid — the dominant organic acid at about 47 g/L — alongside lesser amounts of malic and ascorbic acids, sugars, minerals and aroma compounds. It is low in sugar relative to its high acid content, and carries phytochemicals including polyphenols, terpenes and tannins.
Fresh lemon juice is perishable and preservative-free, and its aroma degrades on standing, so squeeze it close to use rather than holding it long.
The lemon is a hybrid of the citron and the bitter orange, most likely first cultivated in what is now northwest/northeastern India.

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